英汉互译实践与技巧【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Unit 1 Introduction:Translation and Translation Techniques 绪论：翻译与翻译技巧1

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述1

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练2

Ⅰ．Important Role of Translation　翻译的重要作用4

Ⅱ．Nature and Scope of Translation　翻译的性质和范围5

Ⅲ．Principles or Criteria of Translation　翻译的原则标准6

Ⅳ．Literal Translation and Free Translation　直译与意译7

Ⅴ．Translation Techniques　翻译技巧种种11

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习12

Unit 2　Diction　遣词用字17

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述17

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练18

Ⅰ．Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level　英汉词字层次上的对等关系22

1．Word-for-Word Equivalence　词字对等22

2．One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning 多词同义22

3．One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings 一词多义22

4．Equivalents Interwoven with One Another　词义交织23

5．Words without Corresponding Equivalents 无相应对等词语23

Ⅱ．Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of a Given Word　英语词义辨析法23

1．According to Word Formation　根据构词法确定词义23

2．According to the References　根据指代关系确定词义24

3．According to the Context and Collocation 根据上下文或词的搭配确定词义25

4．According to Different Branches of Learning and Specialties　根据不同学科或专业门类确定词义26

Ⅲ．Techniques of Translating a Given English Word 英语词语翻译技巧26

1．Deduction　推演法27

2．Transplant　移植法27

3．Extension　引申法27

4．Substitution　替代法27

5．Explanation　释义法28

6．Combination　合并法28

7．Transliteration　音译法28

8．Pictographic Translation　图形法28

Ⅳ．Diction in Chinese-English Translation 汉译英的选词用字29

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习30

Uuit 3　Conversion　转换33

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述33

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练34

Ⅰ．Conversion in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉的词类转换37

1．Converting into Verbs　转换成动词37

2．Converting into Nouns　转换成名词38

3．Converting into Adjectives　转换成形容词39

4．Converting into Adverbs　转换成副词40

5．The Conversion of Sentence Elements　句子成分的转换40

Ⅱ．Conversions in Chinese-English Translation 汉译英的词类转换41

1．Converting Verbs into Other Parts of Speech 汉语动词转换成其他词类41

2．Conversions between Different Parts of Speech 各种词类之间的相互转换42

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习43

Unit 4　Amplification　增词法45

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述45

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练46

Ⅰ．Amplification in English-Chinese Translation 增词法在英汉翻译中的运用49

1．Putting in Words Omitted in the Original 加入原文所省略的词语49

2．Putting in Necessary Connectives　加入必要的连接词语50

3．Putting in Words to Convey the Concept of Plurality 增词以表达复数概念50

4．Putting in Words to Indicate Different Tenses or Sequences 表现不同的时态或先后顺序50

5．Amplification by Logical Analysis　逻辑性增词50

6．Amplification for the Purpose of Rhetoric or Coherence 从修辞连贯角度考虑增词51

7．Amplification by Repetition　重复性增词51

Ⅱ．Amplification in Chinese-English Translation 增词法在汉英翻译中的运用51

1．Adding Necessary Pronouns　增添必要的代词51

2．Adding Necessary Articles　增添必要的冠词51

3．Adding Necessary Connectives　增添必要的连接词语52

4．Adding Necessary Prepositions　增添必要的介词52

5．Adding Necessary Background Words 增添必要的背景词语52

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习52

Unit 5　Omission　省略法55

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述55

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练56

Ⅰ．Omission in English-Chinese Translation 省略法在英汉翻译中的运用59

1．Omitting the Pronoun　代词的省略59

2．Omitting the Article　冠词的省略59

3．Omitting the Preposition　介词的省略60

4．Omitting the Conjunction　连词的省略60

5．Omitting the Verb　动词的省略60

6．Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun"it" 非人称代词“it”的省略60

Ⅱ．Omission in Chinese-English Translation 省略法在汉英翻译中的运用61

1．Omitting Redundant Words　省略冗词赘语61

2．Omitting Words of Conceptual Category 省略概念范畴类词语61

3．Omitting Meticulous Descriptions 省略过详的细节描述62

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习62

Unit 6　Restructuring　结构调整65

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述65

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练66

Ⅰ．Different Word Orders in English and Chinese 英汉语言的词序差异68

1．Different Modes of Thinking　不同的思维模式68

2．Different Inversion Structures　不同的倒装结构70

Ⅱ．Restructuring in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译的结构调整71

1．Keeping the Original Sequence　保持原文顺序71

2．Reversing the Original Sequence　颠倒原文顺序71

3．According to Time Sequence　按时间顺序72

4．According to Logical Sequence　按逻辑顺序72

Ⅲ．Restructuring in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译的结构调整73

1．Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations 不同的词语习惯表达顺序73

2．Restructuring in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译中的结构调整73

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习74

Unit 7　Affirmative vs.Negative　肯定与否定77

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述77

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练78

Ⅰ．Negation in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉的正反交替80

1．Affirmative in English,but Negative in Chinese 英语为肯定，汉语译作否定81

2．Negative in English,but Affirmative in Chinese 英语为否定，汉语译作肯定82

3．Same English Word,Either Affirmative or Negative Equivalents in Chinese　译作肯定否定均可82

4．Double Negative for Emphasis　强调性双重否定82

5．Roundabout Affirmative　迂回式肯定83

6．Some Traps in Negative Structures　否定的陷阱83

Ⅱ．Negation in Chinese-English Translation 汉译英的正反交替84

1．Negation According to English Usage 根据英语习惯用法译作肯定或否定85

2．Negation for Emphasis or Rhetorical Effect 从强调或修辞角度考虑肯定或否定85

3．Negation to Convey Exactly the Original Meaning 用正反交替传达原文的确切意思85

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习85

Unit 8　The Passive Voice　被动语态89

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述89

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练90

1．The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译的被动语态94

1．Converting the Passive Voice into the Active 被动语态转为主动语态94

2．Converting the Passive Voice into a Subjectless Sentence 被动语态转为无主句95

3．Keeping the Passive Structure Unchanged 被动语态保持不变95

4．Replacing the Passive Voice with Other Means 被动语态用其他手段代替96

Ⅱ．The Passive Structures in Chinese-English Translation 汉英翻译的被动结构96

1．Chinese Sentences with Passive Labels 带有被动标签的汉语句子97

2．Chinese Sentences without Passive Labels 不带被动标签的汉语句子97

3．Converting"Active"Structures into the Passive Voice 将主动结构转换为被动97

4．The Translation of Some Idiomatic Chinese Expressions 一些汉语习惯表达的译法98

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习98

Unit 9　Nominal Clauses　名词性从句103

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述103

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练104

Ⅰ．The Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译106

1．Subject Clauses　主语从句106

2．Object Clauses　宾语从句107

3．Predicative Clauses　表语从句108

4．Appositive Clauses　同位语从句108

Ⅱ．The Translation of Chinese Complex Sentences 汉语复句的翻译109

1．Sentence Combination　句子的合并109

2．Sentence Sequence　句序110

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习111

Unit 10　Attributive Clauses　定语从句115

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述115

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练116

Ⅰ．A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures　英汉定语结构的对比118

Ⅱ．Restrictive Attributive Clauses　限制性定语从句119

1．Combination　合并法119

2．Division　分译法120

3．Mixture　混合法121

Ⅲ．Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses　非限制性定语从句121

1．Division　分译法122

2．Combination　合并法123

Ⅳ．Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials 兼有状语功能的定语从句123

1．Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Cause 译作原因句123

2．Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Result 译作结果句124

3．Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Concession 译作让步句124

4．Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Condition 译作条件句124

5．Translating into Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 译作目的句124

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习125

Unit 11 Adverbial Clauses　状语从句129

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述129

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练130

Ⅰ．The Translation of English Adverbial Clauses 英语状语从句的翻译132

1．Adverbial Clauses of Time　时间状语从句133

2．Adverbial Clauses of Place　地点状语从句133

3．Adverbial Clauses of Cause　原因状语从句134

4．Adverbial Clauses of Condition　条件状语从句134

5．Adverbial Clauses of Concession　让步状语从句135

6．Adverbial Clauses of Purpose　目的状语从句135

Ⅱ．Adverbial Clauses in Chinese Complex Sentences 汉语复句中的状语分句135

1．Discerning Subordination　分清主从136

2．Using Inanimate Subjects　使用无灵主语136

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习137

Unit 12　Long Sentences　长句的翻译141

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述141

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练142

Ⅰ．Long Sentences in English-Chinese Translation 英汉翻译的长句处理144

1．Two Stages and Five Steps 长句翻译的两个阶段和五个步骤144

2．Sample Analysis　实例分析144

Ⅱ．Methods of Translating Long English Sentences 英译汉长句的翻译方法146

1．Embedding　内嵌法147

2．Dividing　切分法147

3．Splitting　拆分法148

4．Inserting　插入法149

5．Recasting　重组法150

Ⅲ．Long Sentences in Chinese-English Translation 汉译英的长句处理151

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习153

Unit 13 English for Science and Technology 科技英语的翻译159

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述159

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练160

Ⅰ．Formation of English Technical Terms 英语技术词语的构成162

1．Affixation　缀合法163

2．Compounding　复合法163

3．Blending　缩合法164

4．Acronyms　首字母缩略164

5．Proper Nouns　专有名词165

Ⅱ．Characteristic Syntax of EST　科技英语的句法特点166

1．More Long and Complicated Sentences　大量使用长句166

2．More Nominalization　大量使用名词化结构167

3．Extensive Use of the Passive Voice 广泛使用被动语态167

4．More Non-Finite Forms of the Verb 大量使用非限定动词168

5．Different Uses of the Tense　时态的不同用法168

6．The Post-Position of the Attributive　定语的后置168

Ⅲ．Methods of Translating EST　科技英语的翻译方法169

1．Expanding the Noun Phrase into a Separate Clause 将名词性短语扩展成汉语分句169

2．Converting the Noun Phrase into a Verb-object Structure 将名词性短语转换成动宾结构169

3．Converting Attributive Elements into Independent Sentences,Adverbial Clauses,etc． 将定语成分转换成独立句、状语分句等169

4．Converting the Passive into the Active 将被动转换成主动170

5．Supplementing Necessary Words to Indicate Different Tenses　增词以表示不同的时态170

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习170

Unit 14　The Translation of Documentation　文献的翻译175

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述175

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练176

Ⅰ．The Translation of Contracts and Agreements 合同与协议的翻译178

Ⅱ．The Translation of Proposals,Reports and Reviews 建议、报告与评论的翻译180

Ⅲ．The Translation of Patents and Trademarks 专利与商标的翻译183

Ⅳ．The Translation of Copyright Documents 版权文献的翻译185

Ⅴ．The Translation of Bid-Documents　招标文献的翻译186

Ⅵ．The Translation of Abstracts,Indexes and Bibliographies 摘要、索引与文献目录的翻译188

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习191

Unit 15 Application Documents for Studying Abroad 出国留学申请翻译197

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述197

Practical Translation Training　实用翻译训练198

Ⅰ．Asking for Application Forms for Admission 索要入学申请表199

Ⅱ．Graduation Certification　毕业证明的翻译200

Ⅲ．Résumé and the Covering Letter 个人简历及附信的翻译201

Ⅳ．Letters of Recommendation　推荐信的翻译205

Ⅴ．Personal Statement　自我陈述的翻译206

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习209

Unit 16 Comprehensive Abilities through Comparative Studies 通过比较研究培养翻译综合能力213

Highlights of the Unit　单元要点概述213

Ⅰ．Comparative Studies of English and Chinese Languages from a Macroscopic View Point　英汉语言宏观对比214

1．Synthetic vs.Analytic　综合性与分析性214

2．Compact vs.Diffusive　紧凑与松散215

3．Hypotactic vs.Paratactic　形合与意合215

4．Complex vs.Simplex　繁复与简单215

5．Impersonal vs.Personal　物称与人称216

6．Passive vs.Active　被动与主动216

7．Static vs.Dynamic　静态与动态217

8．Abstract vs.Concrete　抽象与具体217

9．Roundabout vs.Straightforward　间接与直接217

10．Substitutive vs.Repetitive　替换与重复218

Ⅱ．Practical Abilities Attained from Translation Studies and Practice　通过比较研究和实践提高翻译应用能力218

1．Language Sensibility　语感能力218

2．Contextual Analysis　语境分析能力220

3．Logical Thinking　逻辑思维能力222

Reflections and Practice　思考与练习224

Appendix A　Translation Exercises for Independent Work 英汉互译独立作业练习229

Appendix B Keys to Practical Translation Training and Exercises　实用翻译训练及练习参考答案263

Appendix C Keys to Translation Exercises for Independent Work　英汉互译独立作业练习参考译文319

Bibliography　参考书目355